5 Maypole::Manual::Workflow - Maypole's Request Workflow
9 This chapter describes the progress of a request through Maypole.
11 An application based on C<Maypole> provides an Apache or CGI handler,
12 and eventually delivers a page. This document explains how that happens,
13 and how to influence it. We'll use the C<BeerDB> project as our example.
14 Here's a diagram that gives an overview:
20 +---- $r->get_request ---+
27 BeerDB::Beer $r->call_authenticate
28 ->authenticate ------------+------------ $r->authenticate
32 $r->model_class->process($r)
34 $r->view_object->process($r)
36 =head2 Initialize class
38 When the first request comes in, the application class will call its own
39 C<init> method, inherited from L<Maypole>.
40 This creates a new view object.
44 Once we have initialized, the handler obtains the configuration for your
45 class, and puts it into a new object. We'll call this a request
46 I<object> for the purposes of this document; it will be a new C<BeerDB>
49 =head2 Getting the request
51 Next, the handler calls C<get_request> on the new object to have it
52 store a copy of the C<Apache::Request>. Of course, if you're not using
53 Apache, you might want to subclass this method to return something that
54 looks like an C<Apache::Request> object, and possibly also subclass the
55 next stage too to get more control over what methods are called on your
56 C<A::R>-lookalike. C<get_request> is expected to put the object in the
57 C<ar> slot of the request object.
59 =head2 Handling the URL
61 Typically, the details of the request will be passed in the URL. This is
62 done with the C<parse_location> method, which is expected to populate
63 several slots of the request object. First, C<table> and C<action>
64 should be populated with the name of the table and the action parts of
65 the URL. Any other arguments should be placed in a listref in the
66 C<args> slot, and GET and POST parameters should be arranged into a hash
67 and placed in the C<query> and C<params> slots, respectively.
69 Some people may not like the idea of passing everything around in the
70 URL; this is the method to override for you. Of course, you'll also need
71 to provide your own default templates to construct links using your
74 =head2 Is this an applicable URL?
76 Next, the C<is_applicable> method works out if this is actually
77 something that C<Maypole> should care about - whether the class
78 exists in the application, whether it supports the given action, and so
79 on. The action is "supported" if it exists in the model class (or its
80 ancestors) and is marked with the C<:Exported> attribute; this stops web
81 users from firing off random subroutines in your code.
83 This should return an Apache status code; C<OK> if the request should
84 proceed, C<DECLINED> if it should be passed on to the default handlers,
85 or whatever other codes for permissions problems.
87 =head2 Are we allowed to do this?
89 We then look for an appropriate C<authenticate> method to call; first
90 it will try calling the C<authenticate> method of the model class, or,
91 if that does not exist, the C<authenticate> method on itself. By
92 default, this allows access to everyone for everything.
93 Your C<authenticate> methods must return an Apache status code: C<OK> or
94 C<DECLINED>. These codes are defined by the L<Maypole::Constants>
95 module, which is automatically used by your application.
97 =head2 Add any additional data to the request
99 You can write an C<additional_data> method to do any additional fiddling
100 with the request object before it is despatched. Specifically, it allows
101 you to add to the C<template_args> slot, which is a hash of arguments to
102 be added to the template, like this:
104 sub additional_data {
106 $self->{template_args}{answer} = 42;
109 which adds a new template variable C<answer> with the value 42.
111 =head2 Ask model for widget set
113 Asking the model class to C<process> the current request allows it to do
114 any work it needs for the given command, and populate the C<objects> and
115 C<template> slots of the request.
117 The model's C<process> method is usually a thin wrapper around the
118 action that we have selected. It sets the template name to the name of
119 the action, fills C<objects> with an object of that class whose ID comes
120 from the URL arguments if there is one. For instance, C</beer/foo/12>
121 will do the moral equivalent of
123 $r->objects([ BeerDB::Beer->retrieve(12) ]);
125 Then it calls the right method: in this case, the C<foo> method with
126 the request object. This method will usually do any actions which are
127 required, including modifying the list of objects to be passed to the
128 template, or the name of the template to be called.
130 =head2 Ask view to process template
132 Now the view class has its C<process> method called. It finds the
133 appropriate templates and calls the L<Template Toolkit|Template>
136 The template processor is handed the objects, the template
137 name, and various other bits and pieces, and tries to find the right
138 template. It does this by looking first for C</beer/foo>: that is, a
139 specific template appropriate to the class. Next, it looks at
140 C</custom/foo>, a local modification, before looking for
141 C</factory/foo>, one of the default templates that came with
144 The view puts the template's output in the C<$r-E<gt>{output}> slot. The
145 application's C<handler> method calls the C<send_output> method to push
146 it to the web server.
148 =head2 Default template arguments
150 If you're looking for the list of variables that are passed to the
151 Template Toolkit template by default, you'll find it in the
152 L<View|Maypole::Manual::View> chapter.
156 L<Contents|Maypole::Manual>,
157 Next L<The Beer Database Revisited|Maypole::Manual::Beer>,
159 L<Standard Templates and Actions|Maypole::Manual::StandardTemplates>